Diego García-Martín and José Ignacio Latorre recently published “The Prime state and its quantum relatives”, together with E. Ribas, S. Carrazza and G. Sierra.Congratulations! You can see this paper in arXiv () and arxiv.org/abs/2005.02422scirate ( scirate.com/arxiv/2005.024)
The Prime state is the uniform superposition of all the computational-basis states corresponding to prime numbers. This state encodes, quantum mechanically, arithmetic properties of the primes. Moreover, it can be efficiently created on a quantum computer.
In this paper, it is shown that the Quantum Fourier Transform of this state provides direct access to Chebyshev-like biases in the distribution of primes. Also, the entanglement traits of the Prime state are studied. These reveal correlations between prime numbers. In particular, the reduced density matrix for natural bi-partitions is characterized by the Hardy-Littlewood constants.
A relation is found between the scaling of the von Neumann entropy and the Shannon entropy of half the density of square-free numbers. This relation also holds when considering qudit bases, showing this property is intrinsic to the primes. It also holds when considering states defined from prime numbers belonging to arithmetic progressions.